a. action: forms the stool; mechanism depends on type of medication
b. examples
i. fluid absorbents - decrease fluid content; kaolin and pectin (Kaopectate)
ii. motility suppressants - decrease motility of GI tract; diphenoxylate HCL (Lomotil), loperamide HCL (Imodium)
iii. enteric bacterium - replacements help intestine turn carbohydrates into lactic acid; lactobacillus acidophilus (Bacid)
c. use: treat diarrhea
d. adverse reactions
i. fluid absorbents: gastric disturbances, CNS toxicity
ii. enteric bacterium replacements: excessive flatulence, abdominal cramps
iii. motility suppressants: urinary retention, tachycardia, sedation, paralytic ileus, respiratory depression
e. contraindications:
i. ulcerative colitis
f. nursing interventions
i. monitor effect of medication
ii. assess for fluid and electrolyte imbalance
iii. assess for cause of diarrhea
iv. motility suppressants may cause physical dependence, may impair ability to perform hazardous activities
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