Anticonvulsants

action :
modifies bioelectric activity at subcortical and cortical areas
examples
  • i. diazepam (Valium)
  • ii. magnesium sulfate
  • iii. phenytoin (Dilantin)
  • iv. phenobarbital (Luminal)
use: prevents seizures
adverse effects
i. blood dyscrasias
ii. gastric effects - nausea, vomiting
iii. CNS depression - dizziness, drowsiness
iv. phenytoin: ataxia, hirsutism, hypotension
contraindications
i. hypersensitivity
nursing interventions
i. give medication with food
ii. wiith phenytoin: monitor condition of oral mucosa, don't mix with other IV fluids, monitor blood lab results, monitor urine
iii. renal, liver, and blood studies
iv. teach clients
• avoid alcohol
• notify physician of unusual symptoms
• carry medical alert information
• take medication on schedule; do not discontinue
• avoid driving and other potentially hazardous activities
• phenytoin: good oral hygiene, frequent dental visits

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