action:
appears to inhibit RNA synthesis, so stops tubercle bacilli from multiplying (first line) or functioning (second line)
examples
1. first line
* ethambutol (Myambutol) decreases mycobacterial RNA synthesis
* isoniazid (INH) - suppresses mycobacterial cell-wall synthesis
2. second line
* capreomycin (Capastat)
* pyrazinamide (PZA)
adverse effects
1. gastric irritation
2. CNS disturbances
3. liver disturbances
4. blood dyscrasias
5. streptomycin - ototoxicity
6. ethambutol - visual disturbances
7. isoniazid - suppressed absorption of fat and vitamin B complex
contraindications
1. severe renal disease
2. hypersensitivity
nursing interventions
1. monitor client response to therapy
2. monitor blood work during therapy
3. if CNS disturbances are evident, take safety precautions
4. teach client
* to take medication as ordered
* to eat foods rich in B-complex vitamins
* avoid use of alcohol
* report if become pregnant
* ethambutol: report eye problems, have regular eye exams
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